Farmers, ranchers(1) and county officials(2) from Eastern Washington said a plan to manage(3) wolves as they are re-established in the state has good ideas but doesn't go far enough to cover their potential losses(4) or protect their property. Wolves are making a remarkable comeback(5) in Washington. A year ago there were five confirmed wolf packs in the state: now there are eight confirmed packs and three more suspected (6)packs. But wolves will remain protected under Washington's endangered species(7) law until there are at least 15 packs for three years. In the meantime(8), the department has developed a management plan with farmers, ranchers, wildlife experts and conservationists to minimize damage caused by wolves to livestock(9) and domestic animals. It's a combination of nonlethal techniques to keep wolves away and capture and relocate them, and includes killing them under certain circumstances. Senator John Smith said the state should be ready to list wolves as a big game(10) species, which would allow for hunting when they reach a certain level.
1. A 'rancher' is usually a farmer who has cattle, sheep, or pigs.
a. The rancher takes his cows up to the mountains for the good grass.
b. The rancher uses sheep dogs to help him control and direct his sheep.
2. 'Official' refers to a person with a recognised position in government, and has sometimes been elected.
a. Local officials said that they will make safety their priority.
b.State officials met today to discuss the new tax laws.
3. 'To manage' in this context means to control. Managing the wolves would mean allowing them freedom to populate an area, but only up to a certain number.
a. The deer population in this area is managed by the department of fish and game.
b. Predatory animals need to be managed for our safety and to maintain healthy numbers of their prey.
4. 'To cover a loss' relates to insurance paying to replace valuable property or possessions, including livestock.
a. What we got from the insurance company will cover our loss of sheep.
b. We must cover our losses before we look for any profits.
5. 'A comeback', the meaning of which is self-explanatory, is often paired with the word 'remarkable', which means 'to be noted', 'astonishing', or 'surprising'.
a. The old singer has made a remarkable comeback, and still sings very well.
b. Tight jeans have made a comeback; I remember wearing them twenty years ago.
6. 'Confirmed and suspected'. Studies have been carried out to count the number of packs of wolves. The 'confirmed' packs are definitely there; the 'suspected' packs have not been proven to exist.
a. The suspected engagement of the Royal Prince and his girlfriend has been confirmed; they will marry in May.
b. Cadbury has confirmed international contracts for the next year of up to two billion dollars.
7. 'Endangered species' are the groups of animals that are in danger of extinction.
En - dangered spe - cies En - dangered spe - cies En - dangered spe - cies
8. 'In the meantime' is a handy phrase to add to a conversation. It means 'until then' or 'while we are waiting for that to happen'.
a. They'll get here in two hours; in the meantime, let's get the food ready.
b. We're still waiting for rain; in the meantime, the grass is getting dryer and dryer.
9. 'Livestock' means farmed animals of all kinds: cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, geese, chickens etc.
10. 'Game' is used in hunting terms to describe the animal as being available to be hunted. 'Big game' are the larger animals, of which the wolf would be one.
a. Does the hunter prefer small or big game?
b. He's a big game hunter; there are big heads all over his walls.
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Do you ever check your bills? It's a good practice(1), but sometimes seems unnecessary. If you do, however, you might find the occasional odd charge, or you might have a question about something on the bill that you don't recognize. That is exactly what happened to me last week when I took my dog, Rosie, to the vet. The poor thing had a skin infection of some kind. Apparently it was the result of an allergy. She obviously felt itchy because she would scratch herself all over. Well, the vet got to the bottom of (2)the problem, gave her a medicinal (3)bath and prescribed antibiotics and steroids. As I sat in the waiting room, I looked over(4) the bill and spotted(5) an item that immediately made me curious: an Elizabethan collar. I blinked because I thought I had misread(6) the words. An Elizabethan collar, no I wasn't mistaken; those were the words written, along with the pills, the bath, and the ear cleaning. A mental picture of Queen Elizabeth I came to my mind, with her wide, ruffled collar. What was she doing back there with the animals? Pet owners can never really know what is going on beyond(7) the waiting room. Perhaps the vet likes historical costumes....Maybe her assistants dress up all the animals to put on a Tudor play, “Ok people we need an Elizabeth, a Henry VIII, and a Mary Queen of Scots, … and a few servants and advisers of course. Rosie, if you want to play Elizabeth, make sure you put on her collar..., and get ready for that Armada scene, ok?” “Woof!” replies Rosie. Oh my! My imagination can certainly run wild(8) when I'm bored! So, I asked the lady behind the counter about the Elizabethan collar, and she told me that it's just a plastic cone that is put around the dog's head so it doesn't scratch it's ears. Oh, well that's disappointing. It's not even frilly(9). My idea was far more interesting.
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'A good practice' is something that you do that is beneficial, practical, or helpful.
a. It's good practice to double check that your doors are locked.
b. Helping your neighbors is a good practice.
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'To get to the bottom of...' is to find the solution or the answer.
a. The detective got to the bottom of the crime.
b. We need to get to the bottom of what happened.
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'Medicinal' means 'of medicine'. It is used when we refer to a treatment.
a. He put a medicinal wrap on his wound.
b. That tea is medicinal; it has many health benefits.
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'To look over..' is often used when we talk about examining a document of some kind, a collection of information, or a list.
a. We looked over the plans for the house and found three things that we didn't like.
b. I looked over the phone bill; it was higher than last month.
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'To spot' something is 'to notice'.
a. I spotted her orange coat in the crowd.
b. I've spotted a family of doves in my back garden.
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'To misread' means to read incorrectly. The prefix 'mis' shows an error or negative slant given to the verb. Similar words are: mistake, mismanage, misinform. Notice, the past of 'to misread' is spelt exactly the same but pronounced 'misread'.
a. I misread the highway directions, and ended up in Canada instead of Idaho!
b. Read slowly so you don't misread the words.
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The use of 'beyond' here shows three things: distance, separation, and mystery. It is the context that gives 'beyond' those meanings. Normally, 'beyond' means 'further on from/ than', especially when you are giving directions. However, because 'beyond' often refers to a place that is not yet seen, there can be an element of mystery attached to it.
a. I love the series 'Stories from beyond the grave'; it's really scary.
b. God exists probably beyond space and time, beyond what we see.
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To have your 'imagination run wild' is an expression that is self explanatory.
a. When you write this descriptive essay, let your imagination run wild.
b. When the kids are playing, their imaginations run wild.
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'Frilly' refers to the 'ruffled' collar in the paragraph. It describes material that is folded, wavy, or doubled, often with delicate edges.
a. The edge of the skirt is frilly; it looks like a country dress.
b. Queen Elizabeth's collar was very wide and very frilly.
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Nationwide(1), metal theft has become a serious problem since about 2005, according to(2) a 2010 report on metal theft by the U.S. Department of Justice. That's when metal prices rose substantially(3). In 2002, for example, copper prices hit a record low(4), falling to 65 cents a pound. By 2006, it was worth $4 a pound, prompted mainly by the industrialization(5) of Asian countries. One figure(6) was available for copper losses. According to a survey, about $20 million worth of copper was stolen in(7) more than 50,000 incidents at U.S electric utilities in 2008. Another indicator comes from the National Insurance Crime Bureau, which reports that claims(8) for metal theft are up significantly.
'Nationwide' is similar to 'nationally' or 'national'.
a. The program is being broadcast nationwide.
b. There will be educational improvements nationwide.
2. 'According to' is used in front of persons, organizations, or bodies of information, such as surveys or polls.
a. According to a recent survey, women prefer the color green to blue.
b. According to the boss, we can't have another raise.
c. According to the weather update, we will get snow tomorrow.
3. 'Substantially' is a difficult word to pronounce, so let's practice it in sections
Sub – stan – tially sub – stan – tially sub – stan – tially
4. 'Record low' similarly to 'record high', is used for financial decreases or losses, and also temperature changes. Occasionally, it is used for emotion.
a. Record low temperatures have been reported nationally.
b. The value of gold is at a record high.
c. He told me that his confidence is at a record low these days. ' 5. 'Industrialization' is a long word and needs to be practiced
In-dus-triali-zation In-dus-triali-zation In-dus-triali-zation
6. 'A figure' can be a shape, the shape of a person, or a number.
a. That dress suits her figure.
b. Write the correct name under each figure on the math sheet.
c. The latest figures show that the stock market has improved.
7. 'Copper was stolen in more than 50,000 incidents'. I'm going over this phrase to talk about the
use of 'in'. 'In' is referring to the incidents of theft, the occurrences 'in' which the thefts took place.
You will more usually hear the word 'from' with the verb stolen, because often we will mention the person or place 'from' which something was stolen.
a. The diamond was stolen from the museum.
b. Three cars crashed in the incident.
c. Five homes were lost in ten flooding incidents in the state.
8. 'A claim' is a noun, as opposed to the verb 'to claim', though both are obviously related. If you have suffered a loss due to fire, flooding, theft, or some kind of accident, you make or report a claim to your insurance company.
a. We will have to make a claim to the insurance company because of the fire.
b. They made claims that were false; they just wanted the insurance money.
"Mum, can you put in your password?" is a question that I hear almost on a daily basis. My kids are into apps in a big way(1). We are slowly getting sucked(2) into the app market. I allow my daughter to play on my iPhone every now and then(3). That's fine. There are lots of fun, creative apps that you can download for free, so we do(4). After a few days, however, the credits, or ammunition, or points, or whatever currency it is that you need to play the game, run out. Then my children look around to find their saviour, me. They suddenly remember how much they love me. They become very polite and very sweet, as they ask me to solve their problem of a lack of (5)credits. They do this with one eye on me, and one eye on my purse. Ha, ha! I have their full attention, the power of an emperor. Will it be thumbs up or thumbs down(6)? Exactly how nice(7) can they be to me if they really need those credits? May be they can vacuum the lounge, or clean out the cat's litter box(8). Or maybe I'll just have them kiss the ring on my right hand. Oh the power has gone to my head(9). I do realise that the older I get, the less power I will have. So, for now, I'll make the most of it(10). A few dollars here and there for app credits is fine; I let them buy them most of the time. It would only be a problem if I had an iron will. However, it is satisfying to know that my hand holds the purse strings(11).
1. 'To be into something in a big way' is an American expression for really liking something, or really practicing something.
a. My brother is into photography in a big way; he does it as often as he can, and he's very good at it.
b. They're into Minecraft in a big way; they play it everyday.
2. 'To get sucked into something' is an expression that means that you are slowly being forced to do something. You can get a mental image perhaps of stepping into mud and getting sucked into it. It is used figuratively, and implies that you are not happy about it.
a. I have been asked to be the president of the committee; I don't really want to, but I'm getting sucked into it.
b. He got sucked right into buying that car, but it was a bad one and broke down in two days.
3. 'Every now and then' is similar to saying 'sometimes' or 'occasionally'.
4. The verb 'to do' has many uses; one is emphasis.
a. They told us not to, so we didn't.
b. He won't let us eat in the lounge, so we don't.
5. 'A lack of' is not having enough of something.
a. The project cannot continue due to lack of money.
b. This talent show has a real lack of talent.
c. She has so many shoes that you won't believe it; she really does.
6. 'Thumbs up' is a phrase that is used sometimes to give approval of something. However, the 'thumbs up or thumbs down' is a reference to Roman Emperors and their 'life or death' use of this signal.
7. 'Exactly how + adjective / noun' is used a lot in both questions and statements to show doubt about someone's attributes, actions, abilities, or about something that has or will happen? It can show attitude, impatience, or sarcasm.
a. Exactly how clever is he supposed to be?
b. Exactly how late are they going to be?
c. Exactly where are we supposed to be?
d. Exactly how tall is he?
8. 'A litter box' is the box filled with a sandy substance that cats use as a toilet. I'm not sure why it's called a 'litter box'.
9. 'To have something go to your head' means that you become proud or fixated on an accomplishment?desire, and because of that, your behavior is affected.
a. He won the race, but his win went to his head and he spent the whole week bragging.
b. Don't let your new wealth go to your head; you might do something stupid.
c. She let his words go to her head; she was easily influenced.
10. 'To make the most of ....' means to either thoroughly enjoy something, or to take advantage of an opportunity.
a. I have nothing to do tonight; I'm going to make the most of it and relax.
b. We made the most of our free cruise; we tried all the food, and went to every activity.
11. 'My (someone else's) hands hold the purse strings' is a saying which means the person has control of the money. Purses used to have string tops instead of zips or buttons, so if your hand is holding the strings, you control when the purse is opened.
Facing powerful opposition to new gun laws, President Barack Obama is considering(1) 19 steps that he could take through executive action(2). The steps could include punishing(3) people who lie on gun sale background checks(4), getting more complete records in the federal background check database(5), more federal research into gun use, ordering tougher(6) penalties against gun trafficking, and giving schools flexibility to improve safety. "My starting point is not to worry(7) about the politics," said the President. "My starting point is to focus on what makes sense, on what works." At the same time Obama said that he will not back off(8) of his support for sweeping(9) gun legislation that requires congressional support. There is, however, great opposition from the very influential gun lobby(10). "Will all of these (changes) get through Congress? I don't know," Obama said at a news conference on Monday.
1. 'To consider' is to think about before making a decision. The word 'considering' is used a lot in English in the same way as 'understanding that' or 'taking into account'.
a. We're considering buying the house; we'll make a decision in a few weeks.
b. Considering the bank's past mistakes, I wouldn't invest in them.
2. 'Executive action' is the ability of the President to pass laws, or make changes to laws without Congress. This power is limited. The word 'executive' comes from the word 'to execute' meaning to put into action, and also to kill. It is, therefore, used as the title of the head of a company. The person who makes the decisions.
3. 'The steps could include punishing...' this sentence has a list of verbs, all in the gerund form. You wouldn't actually use the infinitive form of the verbs instead; the gerund sounds more normal.
a. To make a cabinet, the steps include buying and cutting the wood, finishing it, drilling holes, measuring, and putting it all together.
b. The steps to make a good cake should include buying good quality ingredients, and having the right setting on the oven.
4. 'A background check' is an investigation into someone's background or personal, past life. 'Background' is like the back scene of something, a picture, or a person.
a. You have to have a background check before you can become a teacher.
b. His background check revealed that he had been in prison for stealing.
5. 'Database' is a collection of information or 'data'. It is like a big file.
a. Your computer's database is full; you need to get more memory.
b. They lost information from their database.
6. 'Tough' or 'tougher' can be used when talking about penalties, punishments, laws, or luck.
a. He lost his job and then crashed his car; what tough luck!
b. We must have tougher punishments for violent crimes.
7. "My starting point is not to worry.." here you could say 'to not worry'. There is only a slight difference. If you want to emphasize that you are deliberately avoiding worrying, then it is more effective to have 'not' first. The other way around emphasizes the whole meaning rather than the negative of the verb.
a. I will control my classroom by not paying attention to noisy, distracting students.
b. They were advised not to go on the lake while it was frozen.
8. 'To back off' means to walk away from, to back away, to leave alone, or to forget. I have mentioned it before in a previous podcast. In this instant, it describes how President Obama doesnot want to walk away from proposed changes.
9. 'Sweeping ' is often used when talking about the making or changing of laws. When a big change is made it is described in this way.
a. Sweeping changes have been made to the way the office is run.
b. Sweeping legislation about school safety will be proposed.
10. 'Lobby' is a noun and a verb. The verb means to try and influence, and the noun is a group of people who do just that. It is also the entry into a hotel, where you book your room, or like an ante room or a gallery.
a. The environmentalists are lobbying for forest preservation.
b. The turkey protection lobby is asking for more rights for turkeys.
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We have a new addition to our house. It's a furry, playful little thing that, at the moment, is fast asleep(1). Lilly is her name, but I'm not sure if it suits(2) her. Most of the time 'mini monster' would suit her, as she hides around the corners, waiting for us, and then jumps out and attacks our ankles. Thankfully, she doesn't use her claws very much, and she's not big enough to do any damage, though she seems to think that(3) she's as big as the local mountain lions. We bought her a few weeks ago from the humane society, or the pound(4). She was, what they call, a throw-away(5)cat. They have so many of them in the pound; they're often not wanted, and so they are very cheap. When Lilly's not dashing(6) around, or attacking us, she naps. Well, of course she naps, she's a kitten. And then, everybody fights over her. We all want her to be on our laps(7) because she is so cute and warm and cozy. It's surprising what a comforting influence a cat can be. Mind you, our dogs would disagree. They are outside dogs, and only rarely(8) come in the house. Lilly has learned that a window can be the ultimate weapon. She stands at our glass door and stares, while on the other side, both dogs are going bananas, barking and jumping up and down, trying to get her. "Oh, what a fuss," she seems to think, as she licks her paw, gives them one last look, and climbs onto my lap.
1. 'Fast asleep' means to be deeply asleep. 'Fast' is an old English word meaning 'thoroughly', 'quickly', or 'deeply'. We often use 'fast' in this way when talking about something being thoroughly stuck (with glue).
a. The two pieces of wood are stuck fast and can't be separated.
b. When he is fast asleep, it's very difficult to wake him up.
2. 'To suit' means to go well with, to look good on, to complement, to seem natural with.
a. The landscaping really suits the house.
b. Red suits you; you look good in it.
3. '...seems to think that...' is a normal part of English speech, and is good to practice. It can be said as an observation, or it can be used humorously or ironically.
a. He seems to think that women don't have opinions of their own.
b. The Chancellor seems to think that the public loves to pay taxes.
4. 'The pound' is a nickname for the humane society, where unwanted animals are cared for and held up for adoption. It is obviously written and pronounced the same way as the currency and weight 'pound'.
a. Our pets came from the pound; they had been found on the road, and taken there for safety.
b. Some teenagers volunteer at the pound. They walk the dogs and play with the cats.
5. 'Throw-away' is a made up compound. It is self-explanatory, and used infront of items that are for sale.
a. I bought a throw-away camera for our vacation. When the film was used and developed, I threw it away.
b. Those are throw-away knives and forks; you can only wash and reuse them a few times, they they need to be thrown away.
6. 'To dash' is similar to 'to dart' which means to move very quickly and suddenly. 'Dashing' is also used as 'handsome'.
a. The cat dashes here and there around the house; you never know when she will do it.
b. He looks very dashing in that long, black coat.
7. 'Lap' is the top of your leg, between your knee and your hip. It is where a child or animal will sit, if they sit on you. In fact, we never say, "Come and sit on my leg"; we use the word 'lap'. The same word is also used in sports: a lap of a swimming pool (is one length), and a lap when running (is one circuit).
a. The cat sat on my lap and fell fast asleep.
b. We swam ten laps and then had a break.
8. 'Rarely' means not often. It is mainly used just before the verb.
a. We rarely go to the theatre, but I do love to go there.
b. There are coyotes in town, but you rarely see them because they are so well disguised.
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This following paragraph was taken from a home magazine that focuses on storage and using spaces well in the home.
It might seem, in this age of electronic books and computer tablets, that a library is an outdated (1)room to include in a home. But, it could be argued(2), that it is because we have so much noise and technology in our lives that we need a quiet room of books. Libraries are places of peace. When we are in them we need to whisper (3)and walk quietly. Sometimes they are the perfect place to go to when we want to be alone, or perhaps when we need time to think. In such moments(4), books are the perfect companions - not a TV and certainly not a computer. Books are silent and respectful(5) and their weight and even their smell can be comforting. Even though we are all attached to(6) e-books, most of us still have many real books in different parts of the house. Why not put them all in one place, and make that place special, cozy, and quiet. It would be a place to enjoy a new book, or an old favorite.
1. 'Outdated' is a funny combination of two words which together mean 'old fashioned' or 'no longer fashionable'.
a. Our house is so outdated; it's not historic, nor is it modern. It's just out of fashion.
b. Some people thinkt that curtains are outdated, but I think they are an important part of decor.
2. 'It could be argued' is like saying 'you could say' or 'the point could be made that...'
a. He is the laziest music student, but one could argue that he's the most talented.
b. The building is impressive, you could say that it is over-the-top.
3. 'To whisper' is one of my favorite verbs; it just means to talk very, very quietly. I like it because it sounds like its meaning.
a. Grandma is asleep; you should whisper.
b. The library rule is that everyone whispers.
4. 'In such moments' is like saying 'at times like these', or 'on these occasions'.
a. National holidays can bring us together. On these occasions we can enjoy being with family and friends.
b. Being stuck in an airport is no fun. At times like these it's really handy to have an iPhone.
5. 'Respectful' has a meaning that is easy to imagine: full of respect. It only has one meaning.
a. He is very respectful; he always listens carefully to whatever anyone says.
b. I wish they would be more respectful in this public area.
6. 'To be attached to' is an interesting expression which means that a person likes something very much. You can visualize the meaning of being connected to the thing you like.
a. I know my car is really old, but I'm very attached to it.
b. My neighbor is so attached to her five cats that she takes them everywhere, even to her doctor's apppointments!
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One of the great consolations(1) of the end of the year is a New Year's Eve party. We don't always go to a party on New Year's Eve. Sometimes we prefer to stay at home, by the fire, with good food and drink, family and maybe a few friends, and welcome the new year quietly. This December 31st, however, was different. We were invited to two parties, and we decided to go to both of them. The first was quiet and relaxed. A friend of mine, Barbara, was hosting(2) it, and she had decided that it should only be two hours long. It went from five o'clock until seven(3). She has two small children and wanted to be able to put them in bed by eight o'clock, which I understand. So, it was an unusual party, short and sweet(4). "The party will finish when it's New Year's in Sao Paolo" she joked. The next party was quite different. There were lots of people, lots of noise, food, music, drink, and games. This felt like a celebration. I bumped(5) into a few people I knew, and we caught up with eachother. Then the hostess of the party announced that we all had to go outside. There was a large wooden fire burning in a round fire pit; people were standing around it keeping warm. Large, colored paper rectangles were handed out to groups of three or four people. They gently opened them, and I could see that they were tissue paper (6)bags. But they weren't just bags. These groups of people then held them upside down and lit a pad(7) of paper that was attached to a small wire frame. The paper had some kind of flamable fluid in it that burned well, and filled the paper bags, or lanterns with hot air. After a few minutes each lantern lifted slowly into the air and we all cheered and clapped. It was a beautiful sight. About seventeen of them, of different colors, floated up into the night's sky. We were all moved by the scene; it seemed to symbolize part of us leaving, and new hopes rising, a silent prayer for the New Year.
1. 'Consolation' is a noun that means a 'benefit' or 'positive element that makes up for negative ones'.
a. He didn't win; he was second in the race. However, he got $2000 which was a great consolation.
b. We missed our plane, and got home late. Our only consolation was that there was no traffic.
2. 'To host' means to organise an event, and to be in charge of the location.
a. Toyota will be hosting an international party celebrating clean energy cars.
b. I'm going to host a surprise party for my best friend.
3. Often with expressions of time, we miss out the word 'o'clock'.
a. The movie starts at five thirty and finishes at seven.
b. We'll leave at six o'clock, so we should arrive at their place by eight.
4. 'Short and sweet' could be a literal description, but it is often used figuratively as 'conveniently brief and to the point'.
a. My doctor's appointment was short and sweet. She answered all my questions and explained everything without going on and on.
b. "Did you get your wall painted?"
"Yes, thanks. The project was short and sweet."
5. 'To bump into someone' can mean the literal act of knocking into someone, but it often means to meet someone by chance.
a. I was coming out of Safeway, and I bumped into my neighbor.
b. You'll never guess who I bumped into...my ex-husband.
6. 'Tissue paper' is a very fine, very breakable paper that is often used to fill up a gift bag.
a. Fill the bag with tissue paper so the present inside doesn't move around.
b. You can use tissue paper for many craft projects.
7. The word 'pad' has several meanings. 'A pad of paper' is like a small book of paper, pad being like a block. 'Pad' is also slang for a house/home. And 'cotton pads' are often used to cover injuries that have bled.
a. I need to buy each of my children 6 pads of writing paper for school.
b. Hey, this is a nice pad. How long have you lived here?
c. In the hospital they put cotton pads on his injuries and held them in place with bandages.
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